Agricultural engineering is the engineering discipline that applies engineering science and technology to agricultural production and processing. [Wikipedia Inc]. Agricultural engineering combines the disciplines of mechanical, civil, electrical and chemical engineering principles with a knowledge of agricultural principles.

 

Agricultural engineers may perform tasks such as planning, supervising and managing the building of dairy effluent schemes, irrigation, drainage, flood and water control systems, performing environmental impact assessments, agricultural product process ing and interpret research results and implement relevant practices. A large percentage of agricultural engineers work in academia or for government agencies. Some are consultants, employed by private engineering firms, while others work in industry, for manufacturers of agricultural machinery, equipment, processing technology, and structures for housing livestock and storing crops. Agricultural engineers work in production, sales, management, research and development, or applied science.

 

Architectural engineering, also known as building engineering, is the application of engineering principles and technology to buildingdesign and construction. [Wikipedia Inc]. They often work with other engineers and with architects, who focus on function layout or aesthetics of building projects. Architectural Engineering often encompasses elements of other engineering disciplines, including mechanical, electrical, fire protection, and others. The architectural engineers are responsible for the different systems within a building, structure, or complex. Architectural engineers focus several areas, including: the structural integrity of buildings the design and analysis of heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems, efficiency and design of plumbing, fire rotection and electrical systems, acoustic and lighting planning, and energy conservation issues.

 

 

 

Department of Building, Department of Urban Planning, Engineering Consulting Firms, Construction Companies, teaching in engineering colleges etc.

 

Computer engineering is a discipline that integrates several fields of electrical and/or electronics engineering and computer science required to develop computer hardware and software. [Wikipedia Inc].

 

Software Development Industry, Telecommunication Companies, Governmental Sector (big demand as e-Government is in pipeline), Banking Sector, MIS of diverse variety of organizations, Self-employment (easy and cheap establishment of business in the field of software development), High potential of abroad job opportunities

 

Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. [Wikipedia Inc]. Electrical Engineering mainly deals with the electrical equipments used like transformers, generators, pumps, electrical vehicles etc.

 

Electrical Engineers are mainly required at Nepal Electricity Authority, Hydropower Companies, Lighting System in large complexes and apartments, Alternative Energy Promotion Center (AEPC), Diffrent Engineering Colleges etc.

 

 

Mechanics: Dimensions, Equations of motion, Motion of projectile. Laws of motion, Addition and subtraction of vectors, Relative velocity, Equilibrium of forces, Moments, Centre of mass, Centre of gravity, Solid friction, Work, power and energy, Conservation of energy, Angular speed, Centripetal force, Moment of inertia, Torque on a body, Angular momentum, Rotational kinetic energy, Laws of gravitation, Gravitational intensity, Gravitations potential, Velocity of escape, Simple harmonic motion, Energy of SHM, Hooke's Law, Breaking stress, Modules of elasticity, Energy stored in stretched wire, Surface tension phenomenon, Surface energy, Capillarity, Fluid pressure, Pascal law of transmission of fluid pressure, Archimedes' principle, Flotation Stokes' law, Terminal velocity. Heat: Heat and temperature, Temperature scale, Measurement of heat energy, Specific heat capacity, Latent heat, Saturated and Unsaturated vapour, Relative humidity and dew point, First law of thermodynamics, Reversible isothermal and adiabatic changes, Gas laws, Kinetic theory of gasses, second law of thermodynamics, Carnot's engine, Transfer dof heat, Conduction, Convection and radiation, Expansion of solid, liquid and gass. Optics: Formation of images by plane and curves mirrors, Refraction of light through plane surfaces. Total internal reflection, Critical angle, Refraction through prism, Maximum and minimum deviation, formation of images by lenses, Dispersion, Achromatic combination of lenses visual angle, Angular magnification Defect of vision, Telescope and microscope, Wave theory of light: introduction to Huygen's principle and its application interference diffraction and polarization of light. Sound: Damped vibration, Forced oscillation, Resonance, Progressive waves, Principle of superposition, Velocity of sound in solid, liquid and gas: Laplaces correction, Characteristics of Sound wave, Beat phenomenon, Doppler effect, Stationary waves, Waves in pipes, Waves in String. Electricity: Electric charge, Gold leaf electroscope, Charging by induction Faraday's ice pail experiment, Coulomb's law, Permitivity, Electric field, Gauss's law and its application, electric potential, Capacitors, Ohm's law, Resistance combination of resistances, emf, Kirchhoff's law and its application, Heating effect of current, Thermoelectricity, Chemical effect of current, Potentiometer, Wheatstone bridge, Galvanometer, Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter and ammeter. Magnetic Field, Earth's magnetism, Magnetic Flux, Force on a current carrying conductor, Ampere's law, Biot-Savart's law and their applications, Solenoid, Electromagnetic induction, AC circuits. Atomic Physics and Electronics: Discharge electricity through gases, Cathode rays, Electronic mass and charge Bohr's theory of atomic structure, Energy level, X-rays, Photoelectric effect Radioactivity, Nuclearfission and fusion, Semiconducts, Junction Transistor.

 

 

Language of Chemistry & Physical Chemistry: Symbols, formulate valency and chemical questions, Problems based on chemical equations (relation with weight and weight, and weight and volume. Atomic Structure: Study of Cathode rays, and discovery of electrons, Rutheford's X-ray scattering experiment and discovery of nucleus. Rutheford model of atom., Bohr model of atom, Elementary concept of quantum numbers, Electron configuration of the elements. Electronics Theory to Valency: Octet rule, Electrovalency, covalency and coordicate valency, General characteristics ionic and covalent compounds. Oxidation and Reduction: Classical definitions, Electronic interpretations of oxidation and reduction, Balancing of redox equations by oxidation number method. Periodic Classification of Element: Mendeleev's periodic Law, Periodic Properties viz. Ionization potential, electronegativity and atomic radii, and their variation in the periodic table; Equivalent weight and Atomic: Concept of equivalent weight, and its determination by hydrogen displacement method and oxide method, Concept of atomic weight, equivalent weight and valency, determination of atomic weight using Dulong and Petit's rule. Molecular Weight and Mole: A vogardo's hypothesis and its deductions, Avogadro number and concept of mole, Determination of molecular weight by Victor Meyer's method; Electro-Chemistry; Electrolytes and non-electrolytes, strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes, Faraday's laws of electrolysis, Solubility product principle and its application in qualitative analysis; Theories of Acids and Bases: Arrhenius theory, Bronsted and Lowry theory, Lewis theory; Volumetric Analysis Equivalent weights of acids, base and salts, Principles of acidimetry and alkalimetry, pH and pH scale. Non-Metals: Water: Hard water and soft water, Causes and removal of hardness of water; Nitrogen and its Compounds: Nitrogen cycle, Preparation of ammonia and nitric acid in the lab, and their properties, Manufacture of ammonia and nitric and, Sulphur and its Compound. Allotropy of sulphur, Preparation of hydrogen sulphide, Sulphure dioxide in the lab, and their properties, Manufacture of sulphuric acid by contact process; Halogens and Their Compound: Position of halogens in the periodic table, Preparation of chlorine and hydrogen chloride in the lab, and their properties. Metals: Compounds of Metals: General methods of preparation and properties of oxides, hydroxides, chlorides, nitrates, sulphates and carbonates of metals; Sodium: Extraction of Sodium (Down's process), Manufacture of caustic soda sodium carbonate; Copper: Extraction of copper from copper pyrite, Manufacture of Blue vitriol; Zinc: Extraction of zinc from zinc blend, Galvanization; Iron: Extraction of cast iron from hematite, Cast iron, steel and wrought iron, Types of steel, Manufacture of steel. Organic Chemistry: Sources and Purification of organic Compounds: Characteristics of Organic compounds, Sources of organic compounds, Purification of organic compounds; Classification and nomenclature of organic Compounds: Functional group, homologous series, and isomerism (structural only), Classification of organic compounds, Common names, and I.U.P.A.C. naming system. Saturated and unsaturated Hydrocarbons & Aeromatic compound: Preparation and properties of methane, Preparation and properties of ethylene and acetylene, Alkyl Halides: Preparation and properties of ethyl iodide; Aromatic Compounds: Structure of benzene, Preparation of benzene in the laboratory, Properties of benzene.

 

 

Set and Function: Set and relations, Functions and graphs, Algebraic, Trigonometric, Exponential, Logarithmic and hyperbolic functions and their inverses. Algebra: Determinants, matrices, Inverse of a matrix, uses of complex numbers, Polynomial equations, sequence and series, Permutation and combination, Binomial theorem, Exponential, Logarithmic series. Trigonometry: Trigonometric equations and general values, Inverse trigonometric functions, Principal values, properties of triangles; Centroid, Incentre, Orthocentre and Circumcentre and their properties. Coordinate Geometry: Coordinates in a plane, Straight lines, Pair of lines, Circles, Conic sections: Parabola, Ellipse and Hyperbola, Standard equations and simple properties, Coordinates in space, Plane and its equation. Calculus: Limit and continuity of functions, Derivatives and application of derivativeTangent and normal, Rate of change, differentials dy and actual change y. Maxima and Minima of a function; Antiderivatives (Integrations): rule of Integration, Standard Integrals, Definite integral as the limit of a sum. Application to areas under a curve and area between two curves. Vectors: Vectors in space, addition of vectors, Linear combination of vectors, Linearly dependent and independent set of vectors, Scalar and vector product of two vectors, simple applications.

 

 

Comprehension of reading passage on a variety of topics and style with special references: (i) General English and (ii) Technical English. Grammars: Familiarity with the following aspects: Parts of Speech, Basic Grammatical Patterns/Structures, Tense and Aspects, Conditional sentences, Verbal: infinitives, Participles and Gerunds, Direct and Indirect Speech, Active and Passive Voice, Kinds of sentences, Transformation of sentences, Concord/Agreement, Vocabulary, Use of Prepositions, Idiomatic expressions, Punctuation, Phonemes and Phonetic Symbols, Word Stress.